The Easter Rising marked a pivotal moment in Irish history. A group of Irish republicans, led by Patrick Pearse, launched a rebellion against British rule in Dublin, aiming to establish an independent Irish Republic. 

The Irish Republican Brotherhood and the Irish Volunteers declared the Irish Republic. This led to the formation of the Dáil Éireann, the first parliament of the Irish Republic, which became the central authority for the nationalist movement. 

The Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed, ending the War of Independence. It established the Irish Free State as a self-governing dominion within the British Empire, while leaving Northern Ireland as part of the United Kingdom.